Awon Buh! A great commercial

GOT HISTORY?

Facts about the Lewis and Clark Expedition

PBS has a wonderful companion website to its Ken Burns documentary about Lewis and Clark. It is found here: http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/index.html

In particular, you want to go here http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/living/index.html  and read about the historical significance of the Lewis and Clark expedition (there is a hyperlink at the bottom of this page you can use)– one of the historians interviewed is my old professor from TU, James Ronda!

The fascinating life of Sacagawea’s son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau: http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/jchar.html

 

 

 

Facts about the Louisiana Purchase

Here is a link from the National Archives to the treaty: http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/document.html?doc=5&title.raw=Louisiana%20Purchase%20Treaty

And here is a fantastic resources about everything you ever wanted to know about the historical consequences of this area: http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/purchase/history.html .  The subsections are hyperlinked so you can just go to the part you don’t understand.

Another nice summary of the Louisiana Purchase and the reasons why Spain gave Louisiana back are found here : http://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/jefferson-as-president/ — and this is a site you should be using regularly anyway!

Chapter 11 Questions

MAKE SURE YOU ARE INCLUDING SPECIFICS, especially DATES and names of people involved.

1. What disadvantages or challenges did each of the candidates in the election of 1800 face? What mudslinging tactics were used against Jefferson? What role did Aaron Burr play?

2. What trouble arose for Jefferson in the electoral college? What then happened to resolve this? Be specific.

3. Explain the four parts of Jefferson’s mission, as he saw it (on  p. 228).

4. Explain this quote: “There were in fact two Thomas Jeffersons.” How did he seem to be two different people?

5. How did Jefferson’s actions as president align with his political philosophy that he had displayed previously? Support your answer with details.

6. What were the political implications of the Judiciary Act of 1801? How did this lead to a crisis—and an expansion of judicial power? Include an explanation of Marbury v. Madison in your answer. How else did Jefferson attempt to influence the judiciary, even though it was filled with Federalists?

7. How and why was John Marshall a thorn in the side of Jefferson? How was Marshall different from Jefferson (even though they were cousins)? Explain Marshall’s political and legal philosophy, as well as his lasting impact upon our country’s court system.

8. How did we get involved in a war with Tripoli, and what changes did that force Jefferson to make in his ideas about the military?

9. What was the specific reason why Jefferson sent envoys to France? What was his fall-back plan if the negotiations failed? Why did Napoleon sell, and how did that offer create a real conundrum for the envoys—and Jefferson himself?

10. What were the PURPOSES of the Lewis and Clark expedition? Did they accomplish these purposes?

11. Evaluate this statement: Aaron Burr was absolutely insane. Support your answer.

12. What problems did the US have with British naval policies? Include impressment and the Chesapeake incident in your answer.

13. How did Jefferson attempt to deal with the same problem that Washington and Adams had faced with the fighting between the British and the French? How did he attempt to use economic coercion, and what were the results of this attempt? Include the Embargo and Macon’s Bill No. 2 in the answer. How did President Madison (Jefferson’s successor) make a mistake in this area?

14. By 1812, which groups wanted war with Britain and why did they demand it? List their specific justifications.

15. Explain the problem that Tecumseh posed for those on the frontier. What impact did the Battles of the Thames and Tippecanoe.

16. Why finally did Madison accede to the demands for war with Britain? How did sectional differences become obvious regarding the question of war?

Review MC for the period 1800-1850

1. Which president’s administration is most associated with the Era of Good Feelings?
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Andrew Jackson
C. James Monroe
D. Martin van Buren
E. John Quincy Adams

2. Which of the following Supreme Court decisions held that Congress had the right to establish a bank under the “necessary and proper” clause?
A. Plessy v. Ferguson
B. Schenck v. United States
C. Gibbons v. Ogden
D. McCulloch v. Maryland
E. Marbury v. Madison

3. The main architect of the Missouri compromise was
A. Henry Clay
B. Daniel Webster
C. Thomas Hart Benton
D. John C. Calhoun
E. Stephen Douglas

4. Which of the following is NOT associated with the “American System?”
A. Henry Clay
B. the Second Bank of the United States
C. bonuses for new industries
D. federally funded internal improvements
E. a protective tariff (also for revenue)

5. Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Ghent was NOT TRUE?
A. The signatories were the United States and Britain.
B. It did not address freedom of the seas.
C. It failed to address British impressment policy.
D. It settled the border disputes involving the Louisiana Territory.
E. It ended the War of 1812.

6. As chief justice, John Marshall helped ensure that
A. Aaron Burr was convicted of treason.
B. the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.
C. states’ rights were protected.
D. both the Supreme Court and the president could declare a law unconstitutional.
E. the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned.

7. The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for
A. a separate peace treaty between New England and the British.
B. South Carolina’s secession from the Union.
C. war with England on the basis of interference with merchant shipping.
D. the dissolution of the Federalist party on the grounds of collaboration with the enemy.
E. a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared.

8. The Adams- Onis Treaty of 1819 gave the United States
A. California
B. Oregon
C. Florida
D. a defined border for Texas
E. a defined border with Mexico

9. The main point of contention in the Webster-Hayne debate of 1830 was
A. reform of the spoils system.
B. state nullification of federal laws.
C. the settlement of Missouri as a slave state.
D. the morality of slavery.
E. presidential veto power.

10. The leaders of New England states opposed the American System’s federally constructed roads because
A. canals were a superior method of transportation.
B. the Democratic-Republicans favored them.
C. they cost too much.
D. they were poorly constructed.
E. they would drain away needed population to the West.

11. Macon’s Bill No. 2
A. repealed the Embargo Act of 1807.
B. forbade American ships from leaving port for any destination whatsoever, including other American ports.
C. forbade American trade with Britain and France but offered to open trade with either country if they would declare a ceasefire in their war.
D. permitted trade with all nations but promised that is either Britain or France lifted its restrictions on American trade, the US would stop trading with the other.
E. halted trade with Britain.

12. The accomplishments of Lewis and Clark’s expedition included all of the following EXCEPT
A. treaties with several Indian nations.
B. knowledge of the Indians of the region.
C. a rich harvest of scientific information.
D. maps.
E. hair-raising adventure stories.

13. Groups which tended to support the Whig party included all of the following EXCEPT
A. many evangelical Protestants.
B. backers of southern states’ rights.
C. opponents of public education.
D. backers of the American System.
E. large northern industrialists.

14. Which of the following was NOT a provision of the original Monroe Doctrine?
A. The United States would use military intervention in the Americas if needed.
B. The United States would not intervene in European wars and conflicts.
C. European intervention in the Americas would be viewed as a threat to American security.
D. The Americas were politically different from Europe.
E. The Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization.

15. Which of the following was a roadblock to the admission of Texas to the Union after it proclaimed independence in 1836?
A. disagreement over the location of its southern boundary
B. its aggressive Native American population
C. the influential presence of the Catholic Church in its boundaries
D. racial opposition from nativists to adding a sizeable number of Tejanos
E. the intent to permit slavery in Texas

16. “The major problems of this country are the result of too many immigrants and the corrupt influence of the Papists…. Immigrants should be required to live in the United States before being allowed to vote.”
The quote above is representative of the views of which 19th century political party?
A. Know-Nothing party
B. Whig Party
C. Republican Party
D. Free Soil Party
E. Populist Party

17. Which writer is most associated with the “positive good” argument regarding slavery?
A. Henry Clay
B. George Fitzhugh
C. Stephen Douglas
D. Thaddeus Stevens
E. Frederick Douglass

18. The creation of the “market economy” in the 1820s refers to the rise of
A. cash crop agriculture
B. American factories
C. the Second Bank of the United States
D. the New England textile industry
E. subsistence agriculture

19. “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.” This statement was purportedly made by Andrew Jackson in reference to which Supreme Court case?
A. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
B. Scott v. Sanford
C. Gibbons v. Ogden
D. Marbury v. Madison
E. the treason trial of Aaron Burr

20. Which of the following was not a feature of life in pre-Civil War cities?
A. increasing population
B. increasing crime
C. extensive sewer systems
D. growth of slums
E. rapidly rising death rates

Practice MC questions 11-13 Test

1. Which president is most associated with the Era of Good Feelings?
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Andrew Jackson
C. James Monroe
D. Martin van Buren
E. John Quincy Adams

2. Which of the following Supreme Court decisions directly established the federal government’s right to regulate commerce?
A. Gibbons v. Ogden
B. McCulloch v. Maryland
C. Plessy v. Ferguson
D. Schenck v. United States
E. Marbury v. Madison

3. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the Missouri Compromise?
A. Slavery was outlawed north of the 36° 30′ line in the Louisiana Territory except for Missouri.
B. Maine was admitted to the Union as a free state.
C. Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state.
D. It used the Missouri River as the dividing line between slave and free territory.
E. It was negotiated predominantly by Henry Clay.

4. Which of the following was NOT a provision of the original Monroe Doctrine?
A. The United States would use military intervention in the Americas if needed.
B. The United States would not intervene in European wars and conflicts.
C. European intervention in the Americas would be viewed as a threat to American security.
D. The Americas were politically different from Europe.
E. The Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization.

5. Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Ghent was NOT TRUE?
A. It was signed by Britain and the US.
B. It settled the border disputes involving the Louisiana Territory.
C. It failed to address British impressment policy.
D. It did not address freedom of the seas.
E. It ended the War of 1812.

6. As chief justice, John Marshall helped ensure that
A. Aaron Burr was convicted of treason.
B. the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.
C. states’ rights were protected.
D. both the Supreme Court and the president could declare a law unconstitutional.
E. the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned.

7. The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for
A. a separate peace treaty between New England and the British.
B. South Carolina’s secession from the Union.
C. war with England on the basis of interference with merchant shipping.
D. the dissolution of the Federalist party on the grounds of collaboration with the enemy.
E. a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared.

8. Which of the following was a major result of the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?
A. It stated that the national bank was illegal.
B. It addressed Native American territorial rights.
C. It prevented states from interfering with business contracts.
D. It reinforced the principle that the state governments could not override the federal government.
E. It established the federal government’s right to regulate interstate commerce.

9. The Webster-Hayne debate of 1830 centered on the subject of
A. reform of the spoils system.
B. state nullification of federal laws.
C. the settlement of Missouri as a slave state.
D. the morality of slavery.
E. presidential veto power.

10. New England opposed the American System’s federally constructed roads because
A. canals were a superior method of transportation.
B. the Democratic-Republicans favored them.
C. they cost too much.
D. they were poorly constructed.
E. they would drain away needed population to the West.

11. Macon’s Bill No. 2
A. repealed the Embargo Act of 1807.
B. forbade American ships from leaving port for any destination whatsoever, including other American ports.
C. forbade American trade with Britain and France but offered to open trade with either country if they would declare a ceasefire in their war.
D. permitted trade with all nations but promised that is either Britain or France lifted its restrictions on American trade, the US would stop trading with the other.
E. halted trade with Britain.

12. Lewis and Clark’s expedition produced all of the following EXCEPT
A. treaties with several Indian nations.
B. knowledge of the Indians of the region.
C. a rich harvest of scientific information.
D. maps.
E. hair-raising adventure stories.

13. Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following EXCEPT
A. many evangelical Protestants.
B. backers of southern states’ rights.
C. opponents of public education.
D. backers of the American System.
E. large northern industrialists.

New Cause/effect set up on Quizlet

AP Cause/Effect – Chapters 11-13

I have entered some items from chapters 11 and 12. I have enabled class members to edit to add items from chapter 13. Happy studying!

Jefferson and the Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase was one of the largest land deals in history. In 1803, the United States paid approximately $15 million dollars for over 800,000 square miles of land. This land deal was arguably the greatest achievement of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency but also posed a major philosophical problem for Jefferson.

Thomas Jefferson was strongly anti-federalist. While he might have written the Declaration of Independence, he definitely did not author the Constitution. Instead, that document was mainly written by James Madison. Jefferson spoke against a strong federal government and instead advocated states’ rights. He feared tyranny of any kind and only recognized the need for a strong, central government in terms of foreign affairs.

Jefferson’s philosophy concerning the role of the central government can be most clearly seen when investigating his disagreement with Alexander Hamilton over the creation of a National Bank. Hamilton was a staunch supporter of a strong central government. While it a National Bank was not expressly mentioned in the Constitution, Hamilton felt that the elastic clause (Art I., Sect. 8, Clause 18) gave the government the power to create such a body. Jefferson completely disagreed. He felt that all powers given to the National Government were enumerated. If they were not expressly mentioned in the Constitution then they were reserved to the states.

How does this relate to the Louisiana Purchase? By completing this purchase, Jefferson had to put aside his principles because the allowance for this type of transaction was not expressly listed in the Constitution. Waiting for a Constitutional amendment might cause the deal to fall through. Therefore, Jefferson decided to go through with the purchase. Luckily, the people of the United States basically agreed that this was an excellent move.

Why did Jefferson feel this deal was so necessary? Because in 1801, Spain and France signed a secret treaty ceding Louisiana to France. France suddenly posed a potential threat to America. There was a fear that if America did not purchase New Orleans from France, it could lead to war. The change of ownership of this key port resulted in its closing to Americans. Therefore, Jefferson sent envoys to France to try and secure its purchase. Instead, they returned with an agreement to buy the entire Louisiana Territory. America did not have the money to pay the $15 million outright so they instead borrowed the money from Great Britain at 6% interest.

With the purchase of this new territory, the land area of America nearly doubled. However, the exact southern and western boundaries were not defined in the purchase. America would have to deal with Spain to work out the specific details of these boundaries. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led a small expeditionary group called the Corps of Discovery into the territory. They are just the beginning of America’s fascination with exploring the west. Whether or not America had a ‘Manifest Destiny’ to span from ‘sea to sea’ as was often the rallying cry of the early to mid 19th century, the desire to control this territory cannot be denied.

What were the effects of Jefferson’s decision to go against his own philosophy concerning a strict interpretation of the Constitution? It can be argued that his taking liberties with the Constitution in the name of need and expediency would lead to future Presidents and Congresses feeling justified with a continual increase in the elasticity of Article I, Section 8, Clause 18. Jefferson should rightly be remembered for the great deed of purchasing this enormous tract of land. But one wonders if he might regret the means in which he earned this fame.

What happened to Sacagawea’s children?

GO here to find out: http://www.lewisandclarktravel.com/index.php/site/what_happened_to_sacagaweas_children/.

The Journey of the Corps of Discovery

Go here: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/ for a great site from National Geographic.

Go here: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/map.html for a map of their travels.